Salesforce uses two ID formats: a 15-character case-sensitive format and an 18-character case-insensitive format. The 18-character version appends a 3-character checksum suffix to make the ID safe for use in systems that don't preserve case (like Excel or some databases).
0015000000Gf1AB
15-Character (Case-Sensitive)
0015000000Gf1ABAAE
18-Character (Case-Insensitive)
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Tip: Always use 18-character IDs in formulas, reports, data migrations, and external integrations to avoid case-sensitivity bugs.